N. Korea’s threats: Missile defences in the region
The US has deployed missile defence systems in response to North Korea's threats against its neighbours.
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The defences, which have the capability to shoot down missiles inside and outside the Earth's atmosphere, will be ready within weeks, the Pentagon says.
Along with the US, North Korea's neighbours Japan and South Korea also have missile defences in the area.
• Japan: Patriot Advanced Capability-3 missile defence systems; warships with Aegis anti-missile capability
• South Korea: Patriot Advanced Capability-2 defence systems; warships with Aegis anti-missile capability also deployed
• Guam: US Terminal High Altitude Area Defense System (Thaad) to be deployed
• Regional waters: US Aegis-equipped warships USS John McCain and USS Decatur have moved to the Western Pacific in recent days.
The North Korean threat is driving significant interest in missile defences, especially in countries such as South Korea and Japan. Such defences rest upon both sea and land-based elements -like Aegis-equipped warships with radars and interceptors capable of tackling ballistic missiles, as well as the ground-based radars and missile systems such as Patriot and Thaad.
While primarily directed against a potential North Korean threat, it is clearly hoped in Washington that over time, the build-up of missile defences in the region may encourage China to bring pressure to bear upon Pyongyang. While missile defences are for now not directed against China, it is clear that their spread could potentially have an impact upon Beijing's own strategic deterrent.
What missile defence systems are in the region and how do they work?
Aegis missile defence system
The Aegis system allows warships to shoot down enemy ballistic missiles while they are still in space.
The interceptor missiles are fired to hit missiles before they re-enter the atmosphere, stopping them well before there is any danger of causing any damage.
The US Navy, South Korea and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defence Force all have destroyers in the region with Aegis capability.
Terminal High Altitude Area
Defence System (Thaad)
The Terminal High Altitude Area Defence system, or Thaad, is being developed as a rapidly-deployable system capable of defending against short and medium-range ballistic missiles during the late-mid-course and terminal phases of their flight.
The system - being deployed by the US to the Pacific island of Guam - can destroy enemy missiles at ranges of 200km and at altitudes up to 150km and is used to protect high-value strategic or tactical sites such as airfields or populations centres.
Thaad has been much delayed in development and the Guam deployment will be its first real mission. The first two of nine planned batteries were only scheduled to be delivered to the US Army in 2012.
Patriot air defence system
The Patriot is an advanced surface-to-air missile system intended to defend against aircraft, cruise and ballistic missiles.
It is the third layer in the defence shield and is used to stop weapons at close range.
The key elements are radar, the control centre and the launchers mounted on trucks. Each launcher holds four missiles - or 16 in the latest "Pac-3" version.
South Korea and Japan both have Patriot systems. — BBC
