Oil below US$60 tests US drive for energy independence
Oil’s biggest bust since the global recession was good for a few cases of whiplash.
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Just two months ago, Continental Resources Inc., the shale driller founded by billionaire Harold Hamm, budgeted for US$80-a-barrel oil and planned to spend US$4.6 billion in 2015. Six weeks later, with crude down 29 per cent in the interim, Continental cut its 2015 budget to US$2.7 billion.
Halliburton Co., the world’s biggest provider of fracking services to oil companies, announced Dec. 11 that it would dismiss 1,000 workers. Two months earlier, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dave Lesar said “our sector will be fine” if oil prices range between US$80 and US$100 a barrel.
Oil Prices
The U.S. shale boom that’s brought the country closer to energy self-sufficiency than at any time since the 1980s will be challenged in 2015 as never before. The benchmark U.S. crude price has fallen below US$60, demand growth is weakening and OPEC, which controls 40 per cent of supply, is unwilling to cut output.
“The extent and rapidity of the price decline has been a surprise,” said Andy Lipow, president of Lipow Oil Associates LLC, an energy consultant in Houston. “They’re facing a new reality.”
West Texas Intermediate reached a 2014 peak of US$107.73 in June before dropping to US$51.68 in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
That’s below the break-even price for 37 of 38 U.S. shale oilfields, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
RBC Capital Markets and CIBC World Markets predict prices will remain below US$60 for the first three months of 2015. Societe Generale SA’s Michael Wittner forecasts an average of US$64.50 in the first quarter and $61.50 in the second.
Shale Drillers
Some of the largest U.S. shale drillers, such as Irving, Texas-based Pioneer Natural Resources Co. (PXD), Continental and Chesapeake Energy Corp., both based in Oklahoma City, have been spending money faster than they make it, borrowing to pay for their expansion, according financial statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Current oil prices are “not a sustainable long-term trend,” said Warren Henry, a spokesman for Continental. Halliburton is well positioned to handle any market environment, said Emily Mir, a company spokeswoman. Gordon Pennoyer, a spokesman for Chesapeake, declined to comment. Representatives from Pioneer didn’t return e-mails and phone calls seeking comment.
In 2014, U.S. oil output increased by 1 million barrels a day for the third consecutive year, pushing production to the highest in more than three decades, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Budget cuts
Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency in Paris, said December 22 that investment will decline in the U.S. in 2015. The 76 drillers in the Bloomberg Intelligence North America E&P Valuation Peers Index spent US$184.9 billion in the 12 months through September 30, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Continental, ConocoPhillips and Houston-based Apache Corp. are among the companies that have announced budget cuts. GB
The slump may push Texas into a “painful regional recession,” Michael Feroli, chief U.S. economist at JPMorgan Chase & Co. in New York, wrote in a Dec. 18 report.
Texas pumps 37 percent of U.S. oil output, EIA data show. The oil and gas industry accounts for 11 percent of the state’s economy, according to Feroli. The effects may extend to housing and other businesses, he wrote.
The U.S. isn’t the only place suffering whiplash. OPEC members excluding Iran are facing the lowest export revenue in a decade. The EIA estimates OPEC will take in $446 billion this year from overseas crude shipments, from $703 billion in 2014.
More Barrels
OPEC has refused to cut output to boost prices, choosing to defend market share as the shale boom reduces U.S. imports and leaves more barrels seeking alternative destinations.
Prices will rebound, Saudi Arabian Oil Minister Ali Al-Naimi said Dec. 21 in Abu Dhabi. Suppliers from outside OPEC should cut “irresponsible” output, United Arab Emirates Energy Minister Suhail Al Mazrouei said at the same event.
The economy of Russia, the second-largest crude exporter, may contract about 4 percent in 2015 if oil stays at $60, according to Finance Minister Anton Siluanov. Oil and natural gas accounted for 68 percent of Russia’s export revenue in 2013, according to the EIA. Russia’s ruble dropped to a record low, echoing weakness in the currencies of other energy producers from Norway to Canada and Mexico.
Heating Oil
The collapse in oil has also reduced costs for consumers. U.S. drivers are paying the lowest average gasoline prices since 2009 and buying the cheapest heating oil in five years. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. analysts said last month that cheaper U.S. gasoline will boost economic growth by 0.5 percentage points this year.
“The benefit to consumers is a lot bigger than the hit to oil producers,” Mark Zandi, chief economist for Moody’s Analytics Inc. in West Chester, Pennsylvania, said in Dec. 23 interview. “If we stay at $60 a barrel, consumers will save $150 billion on gasoline. It’s huge. If history is any guide, the bulk of that money will be spent and will drive economic growth.”